Mandukya

The Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad is the shortest of all the Upanishads and is assigned to Atharvaveda. It is listed as number 6 in the Muktikā canon of 108 Upanishads. The root of Mandukya is sometimes considered as Manduka which has several meanings. Some of its meanings include "frog", "a particular breed of horse", "the sole of horse's hoof", or "Spiritual distress" Some writers have suggested that "frog" is the etymological root for Mandukya Upanishad. Another root for the Upanishad's name is Mānduka which literally is "a Vedic school" or means "a teacher". Applying the rules of sandhi, the text is also called Mandukyopanishad. The Mandukya Upanishad is an important Upanishad in Hinduism, particularly to its Advaita Vedanta school. It succinctly presents several central doctrines, namely that "the universe is Brahman," "the Self (Atma) exists and is Brahman," and "the four states of consciousness". The Mandukya Upanishad also presents several theories about the syllable Aum, and that it symbolizes self.

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